China and Pakistan Propose Ceasefire Plan to Reopen Strait of Hormuz Amid Crisis

China and Pakistan unveiled a joint five-point plan on March 31 calling for an immediate ceasefire in the war on Iran and the rapid reopening of the Strait of Hormuz, raising the stakes in a crisis that has already pushed oil above $116 a barrel and knocked an estimated 11 million barrels a day offline.axios +1 The initiative positioned Beijing and Islamabad as central mediators just as Washington’s own 15‑point proposal appeared to stall in Tehran.dailysabah
The plan followed a one-day visit to Beijing by Pakistani Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar, who met Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi and later described the blueprint as a “balanced” initiative others could endorse.axios +1 It came after Iran rejected the U.S. proposal as “maximalist” and issued its own five conditions for ending the war, including war reparations and effective sovereignty over the Strait of Hormuz.dailysabah +1
What’s in the China–Pakistan Plan — and How Iran, the U.S. and Gulf States Responded
The five points call for: an immediate halt to fighting; rapid peace talks that protect the sovereignty and security of Iran and neighboring Gulf states; an end to attacks on civilians and critical infrastructure, including energy and peaceful nuclear facilities; “early and safe passage” for civilian and commercial vessels; and a comprehensive peace framework grounded in the UN Charter.axios +2 A joint statement stressed that “normal passage” through Hormuz must be restored, a phrase widely read as rejecting Iran’s nascent system of transit tolls that has seen fees as high as $2 million levied on individual ships.middleeasteye +1
Tehran has so far signaled only conditional openness, reiterating that any settlement must guarantee an end to “acts of aggression,” provide assurances the war will not recur, deliver reparations and recognize its control over the strait.dailysabah +1 Washington, which routed its own 15‑point offer through Pakistani intermediaries last week, has not publicly endorsed the China–Pakistan plan but continues to deploy additional forces, with up to 3,000 U.S. paratroopers ordered to the region as a contingency to protect shipping or support a forced reopening.turkiyetoday Gulf governments, already reeling from missile and drone strikes, have cautiously welcomed diplomatic moves but remain wary of any deal that cements Iranian leverage over the chokepoint.wsj
Oil Shock and the Battle to Reopen the Strait of Hormuz
Roughly 20% of the world’s seaborne oil normally transits the Strait of Hormuz; analysts estimate the month‑long closure and attacks have removed around 11 million barrels per day from global flows, leaving a shortfall of about 9 million barrels even after demand destruction and rerouting.msn Benchmark crude has hovered between $116 and $120 a barrel in recent days, and industry executives warn prices could spike to $170–$200 if the disruption persists for several months.msn +1 Saudi Aramco chief executive Amin Nasser said a prolonged closure would have “catastrophic consequences” for global markets, a view echoed by European officials bracing for yet another energy shock.scmp +1
Emergency releases of strategic reserves and the diversion of supplies via Saudi Arabia’s East‑West pipeline, which can carry about 7 million barrels a day to the Red Sea, have only partially offset the loss.scmp +1 Meanwhile, Western militaries are gaming out high‑risk options to break Iran’s grip on the waterway, scenarios that could involve large-scale strikes on coastal batteries and minesweeping operations but also carry significant escalation risks.aljazeera China’s status as Iran’s largest oil buyer and a key customer of Gulf producers gives Beijing a powerful economic incentive to stabilize flows, while Pakistan, suffering fuel shortages at home, has staked political capital on a diplomatic outcome that reopens Hormuz without a wider regional war.i24news +1
The Bigger Picture
Whether the China–Pakistan blueprint gains traction will hinge on its ability to bridge three incompatible demands: U.S. insistence on curbing Iran’s nuclear and missile programs, Tehran’s push for sovereignty and reparations, and Gulf states’ need for secure, toll‑free navigation. If it fails, the world faces a prolonged standoff in which the strait remains a pressure point on the global economy, forcing governments and central banks to navigate an energy shock layered on already fragile growth.
Sources
axios
China and Pakistan present new Iran deal: Ceasefire for opening Hormuz
China and Pakistan presented on Tuesday a new initiative for ending the war in Iran that includes an immediate ceasefire and the reopening...
middleeasteye
China and Pakistan issue five-point plan for 'immediate ceasefire' in war on Iran
Proposal calls for 'normal passage' in the Strait of Hormuz, a move that appears to reject Iran's toll system.
i24news
China, Pakistan Call For Immediate Ceasefire In Middle East With 5-point Peace Plan
Pakistan and China announce 5-point peace initiative, calling for immediate ceasefire and reopening of Strait of Hormuz.
theguardian
Pakistan and China propose five-part peace plan for Middle East
Pakistan and China have released a joint five-part proposal for peace in the Middle East, after Pakistan's foreign minister flew to Beijing...
scmp
China, Pakistan launch five-point plan to ease Iran crisis, push ceasefire
Beijing backs Islamabad's mediation push as both call for truce, Hormuz reopening and talks to restore regional stability.
dailysabah
China, Pakistan lay out 5-point Mideast plan to end Iran war | Daily Sabah
China and Pakistan on Tuesday jointly called for an immediate end to the Middle East war and the swift launch of peace talks, announcing a...
msn
China, Pakistan push urgent Iran peace plan
China, Pakistan push urgent Iran peace plan. China and Pakistan have unveiled a joint five-point plan calling for an immediate ceasefire in the U.S.-Israeli...
ynetnews
China and Pakistan unveil plan to end Iran war, push for ceasefire and talks
Five-point plan calls for an immediate ceasefire, renewed peace talks, protection of civilians and infrastructure, respect for sovereignty...
gcaptain
China, Pakistan Propose Middle East Ceasefire Plan, Urge Swift Talks
China and Pakistan on Tuesday jointly proposed a five-point peace initiative calling for an immediate ceasefire and the rapid launch of...
turkiyetoday
China and Pakistan launch five-point Iran peace plan, call for immediate ceasefire
China, Pakistan have unveiled a five-point peace initiative for the Iran war, calling for an immediate ceasefire, a halt to infrastructure...
wsj
Exclusive | Trump Tells Aides He’s Willing to End War Without Reopening Hormuz
WASHINGTON—President Trump told aides he's willing to end the U.S. military campaign against Iran even if the Strait of Hormuz remains...
nypost
Trump tells Post war against Iran won’t last ‘much longer’ —Strait of Hormuz will reopen ‘automatically’ after US exit
President Trump told The Post on Tuesday that he believes the Iran war is likely to end soon and that other nations can reopen the Strait of...
irishtimes
Is Trump about to abandon plans to reopen Strait of Hormuz?
US president says he is willing to end military campaign even if strategic waterway remains closed.
aljazeera
Rubio says Strait of Hormuz to reopen ‘one way or another’ amid Iran war
In an exclusive interview, top US diplomat says Trump seeks diplomacy and demands Iran end nuclear, missile programme.
msn
Oil holds near four-year high on unclear plan for future reopening of Strait of Hormuz
President Donald Trump reportedly told aides he would end the war in Iran without reopening the trade route.
theguardian
How could US forcibly reopen strait of Hormuz and what are the risks?
US ground troops have arrived in Middle East but military options to open strait risk strong retaliation from Iran.
trtworld
UK, Syria leaders stress 'viable plan' needed to reopen Strait of Hormuz
Premier Starmer and President al Sharaa say they would “work with others to restore freedom of navigation,” signalling potential...
washingtoninstitute
Military Options for Reopening the Strait of Hormuz: Limitations and Imperatives
Loosening Tehran's grip on the strait and its disruption of the global economy would entail not only reducing threats to navigation,...
english
Trump tells aides he is willing to end Iran war without reopening Strait of Hormuz: Report
US President Donald Trump told his aides he is willing to end the military campaign against Iran even if the Strait of Hormuz remains...
theguardian
Iran rejects US ceasefire plan and submits its own amid push for talks
Donald Trump claims Iran still wants a deal, after Tehran puts forward five-point counter-proposal and says war will end when it decides and...
aljazeera
Iran calls US proposal to end war ‘maximalist, unreasonable’
Diplomatic source tells Al Jazeera that Tehran is dismissing the 15-point plan from Washington as unworkable.
npr
Iran rejects Trump's proposal to end the war and lays out 5 conditions
Iran says no to President Trump's ceasefire plan and publicized a counterproposal that includes war reparations and Iranian sovereignty over...
bbc
'Iran rejects peace plan' and '£400m cost of savings scandal'
Iran's rejection of US talks and Donald Trump's reaction features on Thursday's front pages.
time
What to Know About Trump’s 15-Point Peace Plan After Iran’s Rejection
Iran has rejected a U.S.-backed 15-point ceasefire proposal, according to its state-run English-language broadcaster Press TV,...
iranintl
US 15-point plan reaches Tehran as Iran publicly scoffs at diplomacy
Iran has received a US 15-point proposal via Pakistan aimed at opening a path toward a ceasefire, a senior Iranian source told Reuters on...
kuow
Iran rejects Trump's proposal to end the war and lays out 5 conditions, state TV says
An Iranian senior political security official rejected President Trump's plan for ending the war and vowed to continue carrying out "heavy...
aljazeera
US-Iran mediation: What are each side’s demands – and is a deal possible?
Trump's envoys have sent a 15-point ceasefire plan to Iran via Pakistan. But Tehran has its own conditions.
heygotrade
US-Iran Ceasefire Influences Wall Street
US-Iran ceasefire plan boosts US markets. Major impact on energy sector.
independent
Iran rejects ‘excessive’ US ceasefire plan and issues its own demands to end the war
Iran has rejected President Donald Trump's “excessive” ceasefire plan and laid out five conditions that it says must be met to end the war.
arabcenterdc
The GCC States and the War on Iran: Rethinking Responses to Unwanted Consequences
Four years and four days after President Vladimir Putin committed an act of aggression by launching the full-scale Russian…
atlanticcouncil
The Gulf that emerges from the Iran war will be very different
Iran's decision to target the UAE, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and other countries in the Gulf will have far-reaching consequences.
trtworld
Trump says US would have struck Iran even if he knew Tehran would strike Gulf states in response
US President Donald Trump has said that even if Washington had known Iran would strike Gulf countries in retaliation, the United States...
theatlantic
Why Trump Didn’t Plan for the Strait of Hormuz
Astonishingly, President Trump and his aides were caught unprepared when Iran, under air assault from the United States and Israel,...
merics
China and the war in Iran + The new Five-Year Plan + NPC outcomes
Top story War on Iran: In muted reaction, China puts pragmatism before anti-Western ideals Despite Iran's inclusion in what Western foreign-policy experts...
abc
Iran reviews ceasefire plan as Gulf states say war poses 'existential threat'
Strikes have not let up across the Middle East with targets in Iran, Israel, Lebanon, Bahrain, Kuwait, Jordan and Saudi Arabia all coming...
stimson
Experts React: What the Epic Fury Iran Strikes Signal to the World
From the limits of airpower to the risks of oil shocks and constitutional crisis at home, our experts break down the far-reaching...
pbs
Where things stand as U.S.-Israeli attacks on Iran widen
The United States and Israel targeted Iran in coordinated attacks over the weekend that killed Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and...
aljazeera
World reacts to US, Israel attack on Iran, Tehran retaliation
EU urges 'maximum restraint'; mediator Oman warns US 'not to get sucked in' further into conflict.
atlanticcouncil
Experts react: How the US war with Iran is playing out around the Middle East
What happens in Iran doesn't stay in Iran. The consequences of the US-Israeli military campaign launched on Saturday will radiate across the...
thehill
Here are Iran’s 5 conditions for ending war after rejecting US ceasefire plan
Iran offered a counterproposal Wednesday to end the war in the region after rejecting a ceasefire plan backed by the Trump administration.
yahoo
Iran Rejects US Peace Plan in Blow to Efforts to End War
(Bloomberg) -- Iran said it rejected a US ceasefire proposal and maintained attacks on Israel and Gulf Arab states, delivering a blow to...
nytimes
United States Said to Have Sent Iran a Plan to End the Middle East War
The United States has sent Iran a 15-point plan to end the war in the Middle East, according to two officials briefed on the diplomacy,...
dw
Iran war: Tehran sets own terms to end war, rejects US plan
Tehran has set out its conditions to end the war in response to a 15-point proposal from the US, Iranian state media reported.
latimes
Iran dismisses Trump’s peace plan as ‘deceptive,’ as U.S. deploys more troops to Mideast
WASHINGTON — The Trump administration has offered Iran a 15-point ceasefire plan aimed at temporarily halting the war in the Middle East,...
carnegieendowment
Europe on Iran: Gone with the Wind
Europe's reaction to the war in Iran has been disunited and meek, a far cry from its previously leading role in diplomacy with Tehran.
fortune
The Iran war 'is not NATO’s war:' EU allies demand clarity from Trump after he asked for their help
European countries on Monday demanded to know more about U.S. President Donald Trump's plans for the war on Iran and when the conflict might...
bbc
How Europe sleepwalked into yet another energy crisis
It is not the first time that there has been deep energy-linked frustration in the heart of Europe.
washingtonpost
Wary of wider conflict, European allies stress they didn’t join Iran strikes
The attack on Iran presents Europe with a new test in already-strained ties with the U.S., as appeals for restraint clash with Trump's...
politico
How every EU country responded to the strikes on Iran
From caution to condemnation, here's the bloc's reaction to America and Israel bombing Tehran.
nytimes
Here’s What World Leaders Are Saying About the U.S.-Led Attack on Iran
Leaders in Europe and around the world on Saturday urged all sides to exercise restraint after the United States and Israel launched a major...
time
How the World Is Reacting to the Attack on Iran
World leaders reacted with a mix of support, condemnation and urgent calls for restraint after the United States and Israel launched a...
euobserver
UK, France, and Germany ready to target Iran with ‘defensive measures’ as Iranian drones strike their bases
First published by Deník N. Initially, it appeared the EU would respond to the Israeli-American attack on Iran in a traditional,...
politico
Europe is at war with Iran whether it likes it or not, Israel’s EU ambassador says
The bloc's hopes for diplomacy with the regime are doomed to fail, Avi Nir-Feldklein told POLITICO.
globalbankingandfinance
EU Concerned by Iran-Driven Energy Price Spike, Not Planning Emergency Response
Quick Summary. The EU warns member states about surging energy prices driven by the Iran conflict but sees no immediate supply risk and is not...
bloomberg
The Strait of Hormuz Oil Shock Is Now Heading West
If the strait stays closed, the world will have to dramatically reduce its oil and gas consumption — but not before prices spike to a level...
euronews
Strait of Hormuz shutdown: What implications for Europe, for how long and how high can prices go?
The closure of the Strait of Hormuz is rattling global markets, sending energy prices soaring and fuelling fears of supply shortages.
cnbc
How the big oil and gas CEOs think the Iran war supply disruption will play out
The oil industry's grim outlook for global oil and gas supplies stands in contrast to the Trump administration's promise that the disruption...
abnamro
Oil Market Monitor - The ripple effects of Strait of Hormuz closure
The war in Iran has significantly disrupted global oil and gas markets, with the effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz causing a...
cbsnews
Here's what needs to happen before oil starts flowing through the Strait of Hormuz again
As the U.S.-Iran war nears the one-month mark, the fragile global oil market has emerged as a key weapon in Iran's arsenal — and some...
bbc
Iran war: What is the Strait of Hormuz and why does it matter?
Iran says it will "set fire" to ships trying to sail through the world's most vital oil transit point.
dallasfed
What the closure of the Strait of Hormuz means for the global economy
The ongoing military conflict between Iran and the United States and Israel has raised concerns about a major disruption of global oil...
globalbankingandfinance
Iran War Shock Drives Steepest Hike yet in Oil Price Forecasts: Reuters Poll
By Anmol Choubey. Impact of Iran Conflict on Oil Markets and Price Forecasts. March 31 (Reuters) - Stalled oil flows through the Strait of...
reuters
Aramco sees 'catastrophic consequences' for oil markets if Hormuz strait remains blocked
"There would be catastrophic consequences for the world's oil markets and the longer the disruption goes on ... the more drastic the...
sundayguardianlive
Iran War Escalation: Will UAE Join US Military to Reopen Strait of Hormuz? What Impact on Dubai, Abu Dhabi & Global Oil Supply
Middle East Conflict: Rising Iran-US tensions spark fears of UAE joining military efforts to reopen Strait of Hormuz, raising risks for...
cryptorank
Iran War Conditions Revealed: Press TV Announces Critical Ceasefire Demands Amid Escalating Conflict
BitcoinWorld Iran War Conditions Revealed: Press TV Announces Critical Ceasefire Demands Amid Escalating Conflict TEHRAN, Iran – March 15,...
theglobalist
Why the U.S. Must Focus on Iran End-of-War Scenarios
The United States needs an off ramp that would enable Trump to claim success, but without demanding Iranian capitulation.
newlandchase
Middle East Conflict: Situational Updates and Implications for Global Mobility
First Issued: March 4, 2026 (Day 5 of Active Conflict) Last Updated:March 30, 2026Conflict Start: February 28, 2026Status: CRITICAL — Active Multi-Front...
timesofindia
Iran issues US troops will be 'set on fire' warning; Pakistan to host talks to end war: 10 things to know
Middle East News: Pakistan is preparing to host negotiation talks between the United States, Iran and Israel after a month of war marked by...
ecfr
A war with no winners: The costs of US-Israeli aggression on Iran
US and Israeli strikes on Iran have plunged the Middle East into wider war. Retaliation, regional entanglements and disrupted trade make one...
discoveryalert
Iran War Ceasefire: Oil Price Impact & Energy Security
The interconnected nature of global energy markets demonstrates how regional conflicts create far-reaching economic consequences that extend...
atlanticcouncil
What will 2026 bring for the Middle East and North Africa?
This year was a seismic one for the Middle East and North Africa. A new Syria emerged after the fall of Bashar al-Assad's Iran and...
trtworld
Türkiye urges permanent ceasefire, inclusive political process in Sudan
"The efforts of the international partners should turn into an inclusive peace process that will enable a permanent ceasefire," says...
discoveryalert
Iran Ceasefire Negotiations Shape Energy Markets and Investment Strategies
Discover how Iran ceasefire negotiations shape 2026 energy markets, defense stocks, and global investment flows.
axios
China and Pakistan present new Iran deal: Ceasefire for opening Hormuz * Barak Ravid Add Axios as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google. China and Pakistan presented on Tuesday a new initiative for ending the war in Iran that includes an immediate ceasefire and the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz. The intrigue: Pakistan's foreign minister told Axios the plan came together during his visit to Beijing on Tuesday. Asked whether he supports the new initiative, President T...
middleeasteye
China and Pakistan issue five-point plan for 'immediate ceasefire' in war on Iran Proposal calls for 'normal passage' in the Strait of Hormuz, a move that appears to reject Iran's toll system This handout photograph, taken on 31 March 2026, shows Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi, right, greeting his Pakistani counterpart, Ishaq Dar, in Beijing (Pakistani Ministry of Foreign Affairs/AFP) Published date: 31 March 2026 17:31 BST | Last update: 9 hours 8 min ago China and Pakistan have proposed...
theguardian
Pakistan and China propose five-part peace plan for Middle East | Iran Pakistan and China have released a joint five-part proposal for peace in the Middle East, after Pakistan’s foreign minister flew to Beijing on Tuesday to seek Chinese support for the country’s faltering efforts to negotiate an end to end the war. The one-day meeting between Ishaq Dar and his Chinese counterpart, Wang Yi, came as Pakistan continues to push for the role of peacemaker between the United States and Iran, ev...
scmp
China, Pakistan launch five-point plan to ease Iran crisis, push ceasefire China said on Tuesday it would enhance “strategic coordination” with Pakistan on the Iran crisis to promote dialogue and help end the conflict as Islamabad’s top diplomat Ishaq Dar arrived in Beijing. Foreign Minister Wang Yi met with Dar to discuss ways to de-escalate regional tensions and to formally launch a joint five-point initiative aimed at restoring peace and stability in the Gulf and the Middle East. Key...
reuters
Aramco sees 'catastrophic consequences' for oil markets if Hormuz strait remains blocked Item 1 of 3 A satellite image shows smoke rising in the Ras Tanura oil refinery in Saudi Arabia after a drone attack, in Ras Tanura, Saudi Arabia, March 2. via Vantor [1/3]A satellite image shows smoke rising in the Ras Tanura oil refinery in Saudi Arabia after a drone attack, in Ras Tanura, Saudi Arabia, March 2. via Vantor Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab * Summary * Companies * Aramco CEO: ...
nytimes
United States Said to Have Sent Iran a Plan to End the Middle East War You have a preview view of this article while we are checking your access. When we have confirmed access, the full article content will load. The United States has sent Iran a 15-point plan to end the war in the Middle East, according to two officials briefed on the diplomacy, reflecting the Trump administration’s eagerness to find an offramp from the conflict as it grapples with its economic fallout. It was unclear how ...
bloomberg
Iran War: How High Could Oil Prices Get with Strait of Hormuz Closure? The biggest oil supply shock in history has reached the one-month mark. Prices have surged, growth forecasts are being cut worldwide, and shortages are emerging across Asia, from Thailand to Pakistan. But the energy industry is warning that the crisis is only beginning. In conversations with more than three dozen oil and gas traders, executives, brokers, shippers and advisers over the last week, one message was repeated ov...
npr
Pentagon orders troops to deploy to Middle East : NPR The Lebanese flag is waved amid the rubble of a Lebanese Civil Defence post destroyed in an IDF airstrike in Nabatiyeh, Lebanon, on March 24, 2026. Fabio Bucciarelli/Middle East Images/AFP via Getty hide caption toggle caption Fabio Bucciarelli/Middle East Images/AFP via Getty As the war approaches the one-month mark the Trump administration keeps its options open, submitting a ceasefire plan to Iran, while also deploying up to 3,000 U.S....
thehill
Here are Iran's 5 conditions for ending war after rejecting US ceasefire plan Iran offered a counterproposal Wednesday to end the war in the region after rejecting a ceasefire plan backed by the Trump administration. Leaders in Tehran are asking for sovereignty over the Strait of Hormuz and a complete end to “aggression” from the U.S. and Israel, among other demands. “Iran will end the war at a time of its own choosing and only if the conditions it has set are fulfilled. It will not a...